In this post we will learn about thermodynamics, first of all we will read the definition of thermodynamics after that what are its system what are the boundary. We will also discuss about the type of system, next we will read about its property and the specific heat. And we will also consider some short notes like zeroth law, charle’s law, perfect gas or ideal gas, Boyle’s law, heat, Avogadro hypothesis.
Read the post till the end , hope you will get the answer of your question.
Definition thermodynamics
It is defined as the branch of science which deals with the transfer of energy ( work or heat ) and its effect on the physical properties Pressure , Temperature , Volume of the substance .
So in thermodynamics , thermo means heat energy and dynamics means motion or power.
Read also this impulse reaction turbine
System surrounding and boundary in thermodynamics
System :
Thermodynamic system is define as a shorten quantity of matter or a prescribed region in space considered for thermodynamic study or analysis.
Surrounding :
The region outside the system is know as surrounding.
Boundary :
It is the real or imaginary surface, Which separates the system and surrounding that is know as boundary.
Different types of system in thermodynamics
Thermodynamic system is classified into 3 parts and they are closed system, open system, isolated system.
(1) Closed system
In this closed system the mass remain constant within the boundary but it may be transfer of heat energy. So the example for closed system is – Cylinder, Tea kettle.
(2) Open system
Open system means there is transfer of mass and energy. So the example for open system – Water boiler, air compressor, turbine.
(3) Isolated system
In isolated system there is no transfer of mass and energy. So the example for isolated system is – Thermo-flask, Universe.
Types of thermodynamic properties
Thermodynamic property are the characteristic for identification of the system.
So there are 2 types of thermodynamic properties.
- Intensive
- Extensive
(i) Intensive property is
Intensive property are those which is independent of mass or size of the system.
(ii) Extensive property
Extensive property are those which are dependent of mass or size of the system therefore the division of two extensive properties is an intensive properties always.
Read also this types of friction in engineering mechanics.
What is a specific heat
It is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1° C of 1 kg mass.
So specific heat unit is ( Joule/ kg × k ) and it is denote by the symbol ‘C’ .
So there are two types of specific heat which are
- Constant pressure
- Constant volume
(i) Specific heat of air at constant pressure
Suppose there is a container which contains air and there is crystal arrangement inside the container and the crystal is free to move upward and downward direction.
According to the heat energy is supply when the amount of heat ‘Q’ is supplied to the container. And the system while move upward due to the extension the heat is supplied very slowly.
So that the pressure of the container remains constant and the energy supplied to the container to raise the temperature 1° C for 1 kg mass of air so it is know as specific heat of air.
(ii) Specific heat of air at constant volume
Suppose there is a container which contains air of 1 kg and there is a crystal arrangement inside the container which is restricted to move upward direction.
The amount of heat ‘Q’ is supplied to the system to raise the temperature is 1° C as the crystal is restricted to move in upward direction.
Therefore the expansion of air can not be possible due to which the volume of the air remains constant. So this is know as specific heat of air at constant volume process.
Some important short notes :
What is heat in thermodynamics :
Heat is a form of energy which can be transfer can be system by the virtue of temperature difference between the system and surrounding.
Another definition of heat is –
Heat is nothing but as an energy transferred ( Without transfer of mass ) from higher temperature to the lower temperature in a system. that is between system and surrounding.
The unit of heat is – Joule (J) or kJ or Calorie .
What is perfect gas – (ideal gas)
There are some equation which are followed by the gasses then it is know as a perfect gas or ideal gas.
or
A perfect gas is that gas which obeys all gas laws under all condition of pressure and temperature it is called ideal gas or perfect gas.
Boyle’s law definition
According to boyles law volume of a system is inversely proportional to pressure at a constant temperature condition.
| V ∝ 1/P |
What is the charle’s law ?
According to charles law at a given constant pressure process condition volume is directly proportional to temperature.
| V ∝ T |
Avogadro hypothesis definition
According to avogadro hypothesis at low pressure and high temperature condition the number of moles contains in two different samples have the same value.
| V ∝ n |
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Define zeroth law of thermodynamics
If two bodies are thermal equilibrium with another body then the two bodies are thermal equilibrium each other.
So, I hope you will get a lot of information from this topic like what are thermodynamics definition, system, boundary, surrounding, properties, specific heat ? Share to your friends and you also read, thank you.