What is meant by atomic physics? – Importance of atomic physics.

What is meant by nuclear physics? So let us tell you that under atomic physics, atoms are studied as separate bodies of electrons and atomic nuclei. Nuclear physics is the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy state, and its interactions with other particles and with electric and magnetic fields. In this, the main point of study is that how is the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and by which process this configuration changes.

So the atomic physics notes given here will be very useful for you. You will find answers to many questions here. So stay in this article and read carefully. So let’s know more about it.

Also read this : Coulomb’s Law – Electric Charges And Fields.

Atomic physics book – 5 Best Atomic Physics Books.

Many students are worried to know about atomic physics books. Because many questions are coming in their mind. So on this we are going to tell about some good books. Due to which it will be very easy for you to choose books.

1. Science Atomic Physics Chemistry Medicine Gifts.
2. Plasma Atomic Physics. (Frank B. Rosmej, Valery A. Astapenko, Valery S. Lisitsa)
3. Atomic (Jim Baggott)
4. Atomic Physics (Titus Mason)

5. Astronomical Spectroscopy (Jonathan Tennyson) 

Atomic Physics definition with example

In which the structure of the atom, its interactions with other particles and subatomic energy states are studied. It is one of the essential pillars of modern physics. And this branch of physics has turned out to be a great application of quantum mechanics. As an example – nuclear and atomic physics, biophysics, social physics, and stellar physics.

Who invented atomic physics?

Atomic  physics was invented by Ernest Rutherford, he was born in 1871 and died in 1937. And Ernest Rutherford, known as the “father of nuclear physics”, demonstrated that the atomic nucleus is positively charged.

The first person to transform an element into another with the help of artificial nuclear reaction, differentiated alpha and beta rays. For this reason he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1908. So , he is a novel prize winning scientist

What topics are under atomic physics?

The following topics come under nuclear physics?

1. Atomic models – Thomson’s and Rutherford’s.
2. Bohr’s theory of atomic structure , hydrogen spectrum.
3. Photo-electric effect and its applications.
4. Matter waves and their applications.

So let’s know about Thomson’s and Rutherford’s atomic model.

Also read this : What Is Motion In Science?

Thomson’s and Rutherford’s atomic model.

Thomson’s atomic model :

According to this atomic model, the entire positive charge is uniformly distribute in the form of a sphere. Inside this sphere the negatively charge electrons are arrange here and there. This model is known as the plum-pudding model.

Each electron is attract to the center of the equally charged sphere while they exert repulsive forces on each other. According to this model, hydrogen can give rise to a single spectral line.

Experimentally, hydrogen gives several chains, each chain consisting of several lines. So for this reasons , this indicates that , ‘Thomson’s atomic model’ needs modifications.

Rutherford’s atomic model :

In Rutherford’s atomic model has following characteristics:

1. An atom has an equal amount of positive and negative charges so that the atom, as a whole, is electrically neutral.
2. An atom’s entire positive charge and practically its entire mass are concentrated in a small region that forms the core of the atom, called the nucleus.
3. Negative charge, which is contained in an atom of electrons, is distributed around the nucleus, but separate from it.
4. In order to explain the stability of the electron at a given distance from the nucleus, it was proposed by Rutherford that electrons move in circular orbits around the nucleus. The electrostatic force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron provides the centrifugal force.
5. And the nuclear diameter is of the order of 10^-14 meters .

Failure of Rutherford’s Atomic Model.

As the electron moves in a circular orbit, it is constantly subjected to centrifugal acceleration v²/r . So, it must radiate energy continuously.

This should result in a gradual decrease in the energy of the electron. The electron must follow a spiral path and eventually fall into the nucleus. Thus, the entire atomic structure must collapse. This is in contrast to the actual fact that an atom is very stable.

According to Rutherford’s model, electrons can move in any orbit. If so, it should emit continuous radiations of all frequencies. But atoms emit only spectral lines of certain frequencies.

Also read this : Electric Lines Of Force Properties – 8 Properties Of Electric Lines Of Force.

Why atomic physics is important?

Atomic physics is important because , Atomic Physics is a very important branch of science. In this, the structure of atom and its interactions with radiation are studied. So there are many other important things like , Nuclear power is the source of power for both nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. This energy comes from the splitting (fission) or joining (fusion) of atoms. So, to understand the source of this energy, one must first understand the atom.